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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Strong performances across the board
Craig Piercycpiercy@ans.org
Another year, another stellar performance by America’s nuclear plants. We’ve come to expect high capacity factors, and it’s a credit to the men and women of the profession. They’ve made routine something that was unimaginable not so long ago.
The decadal challenge for the nuclear enterprise now is to maintain this high level of operational excellence for the current fleet, while at the same time ushering in a new generation of technologies at scale. It will be a big job—but one that seems more and more likely with each passing day.
Dan M. Goebel, Joseph Bohdansky, Robert W. Conn, Yoshi Hirooka, Wai Kwong Leung, Richard E. Nygren, George R. Tynan
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 15 | Number 1 | January 1989 | Pages 102-107
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST89-A25332
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The results of erosion and redeposition studies of graphite by hydrogen plasma bombardment in the PISCES facility are reviewed. The total erosion yields of several types of graphites have been measured during plasma exposure with ion fluxes of up to 2 × 1018 cm−2·s−1, ion energies of 50 to 200 eV, and sample temperatures of 50 to 950°C. Hydrogen and deuterium plasmas have been used to bombard Poco, ATJ, and pyrolytic graphites, and a “four-directional” carbon-carbon (C-C) composite weave. The erosion rates of all the graphites tested are about equal, suggesting that surface damage by the ion bombardment results in similar erosion yields. The C-C composite weave material showed an increased weight loss during initial exposure, and then equal or lower erosion yields compared to the other graphites. Graphite has a strong ion energy dependence in the maximum chemical erosion yield at a temperature of 500 to 600°C and no energy dependence for the erosion at room temperature. At temperatures above 800°C, the chemical erosion is suppressed and the erosion yield reaches values expected for physical sputtering with thresholds of ∼40 eV for both hydrogen and deuterium. The measured erosion rates demonstrate that chemical sputtering is not significantly suppressed by high-ion fluxes. The net erosion is also reduced by reionization in the plasma and redeposition of hydrocarbons and physically sputtered carbon.