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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Osamu Mitarai, Akira Hirose, Harvey M. Skarsgard
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 20 | Number 2 | September 1991 | Pages 208-221
Technical Paper | Plasma Engineering | doi.org/10.13182/FST91-A29691
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The ignition access condition is described based on the operation path and the saddle point in the generalized ignition contour map . With a confinement scaling law such as for the energy confinement time in terms of the net input heating power density, as employed in most Plasma Operation Parameter Contour (POPCON) analyses, where τE,L is the L-mode confinement time and Cop is the constant parameter, the ignition access condition is given by , where is the height of the generalized saddle point. The height of the generalized saddle point for various arbitrary plasma parameters enables a reactor designer to look at the overall behavior of a reactor. The confinement enhancement factor γH is determined relative to the L mode, which is required for reaching ignition in a tokamak or stellarator reactor. This operation path method is compared with the POPCON approach, and the relative merits of each are discussed.