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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Kazuo Arakawa, Naohiro Hayakawa, Hiroshi Nakanishi
Nuclear Technology | Volume 61 | Number 3 | June 1983 | Pages 533-539
Technical Paper | New Directions in Nuclear Energy with Emphasis on Fuel Cycles / Material | doi.org/10.13182/NT83-A33178
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Radiation-induced evolved gases for 20 commercial lubricant base oils were measured at room temperature. Samples were irradiated under vacuum by 60Co gamma rays at a dose rate of 1 Mrad/h up to 1000 Mrad for mineral oils and ester lubricants, and 3000 Mrad for aromatic lubricants. The evolved gas was measured by means of gas chromatography. The G values (number of gas molecules liberated per absorbed energy of 100 eV) of total evolved gases are 2.8 for liquid paraffins, 1.4 for paraffinic neutral oils, 1.5 to 1.9 for esters, 0.26 to 0.56 for alkyl diphenyl ethers, and 0.005 for phenoxy-phenoxydiphenyl