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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Bernice E. Paige, Kenneth L. Rohde
Nuclear Technology | Volume 5 | Number 4 | October 1968 | Pages 218-223
Technical Paper and Note | doi.org/10.13182/NT68-A28022
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
More economical methods of manufacturing aluminum-uranium fuel elements used extensively in high thermal-neutron flux reactors might be employed if the quantity of silicon allowed in the fuels could be substantially increased. Since silicon has created problems in reprocessing this type of fuel, various core and cladding alloys were examined for the effect of the silicon content upon dissolution, extraction, and solids production during dissolution. Dissolution rates in nitric acid were related to the metallurgical compositions of the alloys which, in turn, were related to their silicon content, but the effect was not sufficient to interfere with the reprocessing of the fuels. Emulsion stabilization, a problem during liquid-liquid extraction of uranium, is caused by the silicon that dissolves from the alloy as the intermetallic phase U(Al,Si)3. Silicon present in the alloy at a silicon:uranium atom ratio <1 is in the intermetallic fuel particle, while silicon in excess of approximately one atom per atom of uranium does not enter into the intermetallic phase and is present in the alloys as segregations of elemental silicon. This elemental silicon does not dissolve and remains in the dissolver solution as undesirable solids.