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Glass strategy: Hanford’s enhanced waste glass program
The mission of the Department of Energy’s Office of River Protection (ORP) is to complete the safe cleanup of waste resulting from decades of nuclear weapons development. One of the most technologically challenging responsibilities is the safe disposition of approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive waste historically stored in 177 tanks at the Hanford Site in Washington state.
ORP has a clear incentive to reduce the overall mission duration and cost. One pathway is to develop and deploy innovative technical solutions that can advance baseline flow sheets toward higher efficiency operations while reducing identified risks without compromising safety. Vitrification is the baseline process that will convert both high-level and low-level radioactive waste at Hanford into a stable glass waste form for long-term storage and disposal.
Although vitrification is a mature technology, there are key areas where technology can further reduce operational risks, advance baseline processes to maximize waste throughput, and provide the underpinning to enhance operational flexibility; all steps in reducing mission duration and cost.
Zbigniew Weiss
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 48 | Number 3 | July 1972 | Pages 235-247
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE72-A22482
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In one-dimensional systems which consist of N nodes, the two N response matrix equations for the partial currents through the node interfaces have been transformed into a set of N three-point equations with the total in-current per node as the new variable. The resulting coefficients which describe the coupling between neighboring nodes are expressed in terms of the reflection and transmission matrices of the invariant imbedding theory. These coupling coefficients can be compared with those of other nodal equations. In the case of slab geometry this has been illustrated by a direct comparison with the familiar finite difference formulation with the average flux per node as the dependent variable. Also the relation between the method presented here and the so-called rigorous finite difference equations has been established. The advantage of this method lies in the fact that the flexibility of the response matrix methods—which describe the nodes in terms of invariant imbedding concepts—has been condensed into the conventional three-point finite difference scheme, for which many well-established solution methods exist.