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September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Daojie Dong, George F. Vandegrift
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 124 | Number 3 | November 1996 | Pages 473-481
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE96-A17925
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
To develop a new process for the production of 99Mo using low-enriched uranium targets, uranium dissolution in alkaline hydrogen peroxide was studied. Molybdenum-99 is a parent of the widely used medical isotope 99mTc.The rates of uranium dissolution in alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution were measured in an open, batch-type reactor and were found to be a 0.25th order reaction with respect to equilibrium hydrogen peroxide concentration. In general, uranium dissolution can be classified as a low-base (<0.2 M hydroxide) and a high-base (>0.2 M hydroxide) process. In the low-base process, both the equilibrium hydrogen peroxide and the hydroxide concentrations affect the rate of uranium dissolution. In the high-base process, uranium dissolution is independent of alkali concentration! the presence of base affects only the equilibrium concentration of hydrogen peroxide. An empirical kinetics model is proposed and discussed.