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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
A. Majid, M. Abdou
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 10 | Number 3 | November 1986 | Pages 776-781
Impurity Control | Proceedings of the Seveth Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy (Reno, Nevada, June 15–19, 1986) | doi.org/10.13182/FST86-A24834
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A design window for a liquid metal cooled limiter is being sought to establish the viability of the use of liquid metals as coolants for the limiter. The problem is approached by first establishing the constraints, then defining the geometrical configuration and design parameters, and finally, by analyzing a limiter without coating. The maximum allowable heat flux is found to be ∼ 4 MW/m2. It can be increased to 5 MW/m2 if tapered or insulated feed pipes are used. The presence of coatings required to withstand particle erosion will further reduce the allowable heat flux.