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Commercial nuclear innovation "new space" age
In early 2006, a start-up company launched a small rocket from a tiny island in the Pacific. It exploded, showering the island with debris. A year later, a second launch attempt sent a rocket to space but failed to make orbit, burning up in the atmosphere. Another year brought a third attempt—and a third failure. The following month, in September 2008, the company used the last of its funds to launch a fourth rocket. It reached orbit, making history as the first privately funded liquid-fueled rocket to do so.
A. L. Rogister
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 37 | Number 2 | March 2000 | Pages 287-295
Instabilities and Transport | doi.org/10.13182/FST00-A11963223
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
We review some of the theoretical interpretations which have been given for the formation of the high E→r x B→ rotation shear layer observed concomitantly with the transition to and the operation in the high confinement mode. Those can be classified as follows: the origin of the large radial electric field is (i) anomalous, (ii) associated with loss of ions along open orbits (i.e. crossing the separatrix), (iii) related to the decoupling of the ion and electron flows by finite Larmor radius effects and inertia. It is generally accepted that E→r x B→ shear reduces the level of microturbulence and thus of anomalous transport; this point of view is adopted here and explained.