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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Glass strategy: Hanford’s enhanced waste glass program
The mission of the Department of Energy’s Office of River Protection (ORP) is to complete the safe cleanup of waste resulting from decades of nuclear weapons development. One of the most technologically challenging responsibilities is the safe disposition of approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive waste historically stored in 177 tanks at the Hanford Site in Washington state.
ORP has a clear incentive to reduce the overall mission duration and cost. One pathway is to develop and deploy innovative technical solutions that can advance baseline flow sheets toward higher efficiency operations while reducing identified risks without compromising safety. Vitrification is the baseline process that will convert both high-level and low-level radioactive waste at Hanford into a stable glass waste form for long-term storage and disposal.
Although vitrification is a mature technology, there are key areas where technology can further reduce operational risks, advance baseline processes to maximize waste throughput, and provide the underpinning to enhance operational flexibility; all steps in reducing mission duration and cost.
Masaki Takeuchi, Tatsuo Sugie, Shigeharu Takeyama, Kiyoshi Itami
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 69 | Number 3 | May 2016 | Pages 655-665
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST15-191
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An important issue for ITER divertor infrared (IR) thermography (IRTh) is that changes in the emissivity of tungsten divertor targets resulting from depositions; erosions; and dependences on temperature, wavelength, and surface roughness affect the temperature measurement, which requires an accuracy of 10%. Therefore, we investigated the emissivity dependences of tungsten samples in ITER-grade tungsten and validated the proposed in situ calibration method for emissivity evaluation by using an IR laser in laboratory experiments. The emissivity of the tungsten samples had a strong dependence on surface roughness of 1.0 to 5.9 μm. In the two-color method, by measuring the radiances of the tungsten sample in two wavelengths of 3.35 and 4.67 μm, the change of the ratio of the emissivities did not satisfy the measurement requirement. Thus, an in situ calibration method of emissivity is needed. The emissivity evaluated using the in situ calibration method was in good agreement with the emissivity evaluated from the radiance for tungsten samples at temperatures of 22°C, 100°C, and 400°C. Consequently, the in situ calibration method for emissivity evaluation using an IR laser was successfully validated. More work is needed for the application in IRTh.