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Deep Space: The new frontier of radiation controls
In commercial nuclear power, there has always been a deliberate tension between the regulator and the utility owner. The regulator fundamentally exists to protect the worker, and the utility, to make a profit. It is a win-win balance.
From the U.S. nuclear industry has emerged a brilliantly successful occupational nuclear safety record—largely the result of an ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) process that has driven exposure rates down to what only a decade ago would have been considered unthinkable. In the U.S. nuclear industry, the system has accomplished an excellent, nearly seamless process that succeeds to the benefit of both employee and utility owner.
Sümer Şahin, Ertuğrul Baltacioğlu, Hüseyin Yapici
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 20 | Number 1 | August 1991 | Pages 26-39
Technical Paper | Blanket Engineering | doi.org/10.13182/FST91-A29640
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The potential of a catalyzed fusion-driven fast hybrid blanket to regenerate Canada deuterium uranium (CANDU) spent fuel is investigated. The investigations are done to achieve enrichment grades of fissile isotopes (EGFIs) in four applications: 1. recycling in a conventional commercial CANDU reactor (EGFI = 0.71 to 0.9%) 2. recycling in an advanced conceptual CANDU reactor with a high burnup rate (EGFI = 1%) 3. recycling in an advanced breeder with thorium fuel (EGFI > 1.5%) 4. recycling in a conventional light water reactor (LWR)(EGFI>3%). The regeneration periods of 5 to 7, 6 to 9, 12 to 15, and >30 months, respectively, are evaluated for the four reactor types under a first-wall fusion neutron current load of 1014(2.45-MeV n)/cm2-s and 1014(14.1-MeV n)/cm2-s, corresponding to 2.64 MW/m2 and a plant factor of 75%. During the regeneration process, the burnup rates vary from 2000 MWd/t (for conventional CANDU) to 10000 MWd/t (forLWRs), so that multiple recycling becomes possible.