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Glass strategy: Hanford’s enhanced waste glass program
The mission of the Department of Energy’s Office of River Protection (ORP) is to complete the safe cleanup of waste resulting from decades of nuclear weapons development. One of the most technologically challenging responsibilities is the safe disposition of approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive waste historically stored in 177 tanks at the Hanford Site in Washington state.
ORP has a clear incentive to reduce the overall mission duration and cost. One pathway is to develop and deploy innovative technical solutions that can advance baseline flow sheets toward higher efficiency operations while reducing identified risks without compromising safety. Vitrification is the baseline process that will convert both high-level and low-level radioactive waste at Hanford into a stable glass waste form for long-term storage and disposal.
Although vitrification is a mature technology, there are key areas where technology can further reduce operational risks, advance baseline processes to maximize waste throughput, and provide the underpinning to enhance operational flexibility; all steps in reducing mission duration and cost.
Dan M. Goebel
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 10 | Number 3 | November 1986 | Pages 761-769
Impurity Control | Proceedings of the Seveth Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy (Reno, Nevada, June 15–19, 1986) | doi.org/10.13182/FST86-A24832
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Particle removal from tokamak plasmas is essential to achieve density control and some measure of impurity control. This requirement can be satisfied by pump limiters, the present status of which is reviewed here. Modular experiments have recently achieved particle removal rates over 10 torr-1/sec. Studies of impurity removal by pump limiters have demonstrated He and N2 (moderate Z) exhaust. Successful modeling of the pump limiter performance using Monte-Carlo neutral gas codes has expanded the understanding of the physics of pump limiters. The heat flux to the surface of limiters in tokamaks has been studied in detail. The rapid progress in the engineering, theory, and experimental results of pump limiters has led to plans for the application of these devices in new experiments in the next few years.
