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2025 ANS Winter Conference & Expo
November 9–12, 2025
Washington, DC|Washington Hilton
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The journey of the U.S. fuel cycle
Craig Piercycpiercy@ans.org
While most big journeys begin with a clear objective, they rarely start with an exact knowledge of the route. When commissioning the Lewis and Clark expedition in 1803, President Thomas Jefferson didn’t provide specific “turn right at the big mountain” directions to the Corps of Discovery. He gave goal-oriented instructions: explore the Missouri River, find its source, search for a transcontinental water route to the Pacific, and build scientific and cultural knowledge along the way.
Jefferson left it up to Lewis and Clark to turn his broad, geopolitically motivated guidance into gritty reality.
Similarly, U.S. nuclear policy has begun a journey toward closing the U.S. nuclear fuel cycle. There is a clear signal of support for recycling from the Trump administration, along with growing bipartisan excitement in Congress. Yet the precise path remains unclear.
Tomio Okawa, Akio Kotani, Naoya Shimada, Isao Kataoka
Nuclear Technology | Volume 158 | Number 2 | May 2007 | Pages 304-313
Technical Paper | Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics | doi.org/10.13182/NT07-A3844
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The critical heat flux in an annular two-phase flow regime is influenced significantly by an obstacle placed in a flow channel. Since the transition to critical heat flux condition in this flow regime is caused by the depletion of liquid film, it is probable that the flow obstacle has a notable influence on the rate of droplet deposition and, consequently, the film flow rate in the annular regime. Also, the obstacle's effect on the deposition rate would be important in predicting the critical heat flux in a boiling water reactor core because the grid spacer can be regarded as a flow obstacle placed in the subchannel. The obstacle effect was studied experimentally for vertical upward air-water annular flow; placing 12 small tubes of different cross sections concentrically in the test section tube one by one, the influence of obstacle geometry on the deposition rate was investigated. The rate of droplet deposition markedly increased if the present tubular obstacle was placed; the rate of increase was between ~30 and 200% and depended primarily on the obstacle shape. Using the experimental data, an empirical correlation to account for the obstacle's effect was proposed.