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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Thiagarajan Gnanasekaran, Kandhalu Hari Mahendran, Raghavachary Sridharan, Vedaraman Ganesan, Govindaswami Periaswami, Cherian K. Mathews
Nuclear Technology | Volume 90 | Number 3 | June 1990 | Pages 408-416
Technical Paper | RELAP/MOD2 / Material | doi.org/10.13182/NT90-A34404
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An electrochemical hydrogen meter using a CaCl2-CaH2 electrolyte and a Li-LiH reference electrode was constructed and used to monitor dissolved hydrogen in liquid sodium. These meters have been tested in bench-top sodium loops equipped with cold traps for controlling hydrogen levels in sodium. The experimental results showed that the meters yield nearly theoretical outputs down to the lowest hydrogen levels that were achievable in these loops (∼ 50 ppb). The sensitivity of the meters for changes in hydrogen concentrations is adequate for use in the sodium circuits of a fast reactor to detect leaks of hydrogen bearing extraneous materials into sodium. These meters, along with a gas chromatograph, were also used to study the reaction of hydrocarbon oil with liquid sodium. The experimental results showed that for detecting oil leaks into sodium these meters provide a simpler alternative to monitoring of methane in the cover gas using a gas chromatograph.