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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
Chunbo (Sam) Zhang, Alice Ying, Mohamed A. Abdou
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 68 | Number 3 | October 2015 | Pages 612-617
Technical Paper | Proceedings of TOFE-2014 | doi.org/10.13182/FST14-935
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
This work has developed FEM models of ceramic breeder pebble beds and applied them to two categories of blanket design (edge-on and layer configurations) to predict the thermomechanical behavior of a pebble bed under ITER pulsed operating condition. To explore the pebble bed/structural wall separation phenomenon, a thermomechanical contact is considered using contact elements meshed along pebble/structure interface. The pebble bed/wall dynamic contact/separation process has been simulated, and the gap distance distribution and variation have been analyzed and presented. Pebble bed/wall separation occurs during the plasma-off period and varies with both location and time. A maximal radial gap of 0.64mm is found for an edge-on configuration after the 1st ITER cycle within the range of studied parameters. For the layer configuration, a poloidal gap of 1.99mm, larger than the pebble diameter, is found. The generated gap can cause the even large rearrangement of pebbles and result in a disturbed packing during further cycling. Consequently, a design solution is suggested to mitigate this situation.