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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Jin-Mok Hur, Tack-Jin Kim, In-Kyu Choi, Jae Bum Do, Sun-Seok Hong, Chung-Seok Seo
Nuclear Technology | Volume 162 | Number 2 | May 2008 | Pages 192-198
Technical Paper | First International Pyroprocessing Research Conference | doi.org/10.13182/NT08-A3947
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The chemical behavior of lanthanide oxides has been studied both for the electrolytic reduction process and the electrorefining process. At high concentration of Li2O in LiCl, lanthanide oxides reacted with Li2O to form mixed oxides, LiLnO2 (Ln = lanthanides), which decomposed to the starting materials at relatively low Li2O concentration. The chemical behavior of lanthanide oxides under the condition of electrorefining process was investigated by optical fiber spectrophotometry and X-ray diffraction. Lanthanide oxides reacted with U3+ to produce Ln3+ and UO2. The solubility of lanthanide oxides was measured under the electrolytic reduction and the electrorefining condition. All of the lanthanide oxides except Eu2O3 had relatively low solubility values in LiCl-KCl eutectic mixture at 450°C. Electrochemical behavior of Br-, I-, and Se2- in LiCl was also investigated by cyclic voltammetry and by X-ray diffraction. All of the anions reacted with platinum anode and gave platinum compounds.