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Why should safeguards by design be a global effort?
Jeremy Whitlock
I can’t think of a more exciting time to be working in nuclear, with the diversity of advanced reactor development and increasing global support for nuclear in sustainable energy planning. But we can’t lose sight of the need to plan for efficient international safeguards at the same time.
Global nuclear deployment has been underpinned since 1970 by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), making it a key customer requirement for governments to demonstrate unequivocally that the technology is not being misused for weapons development.
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has helped verify this commitment for more than 50 years, but it has never safeguarded many of the advanced reactors (and related fuel cycle processes) being developed today.
Yong-Qian Shi, Pu Xia, Zhang-Lin Luo, Zhi-Xiang Zhao, Dazhao Ding, Yi-Guo Li, Qin-Fu Zhu, Hai-Hong Xia, Ji-Gen Li, Wei Zhang, Jian Cao, Yan-Hui Quan, Huang-Da Luo, Xiaofei Wu
Nuclear Technology | Volume 159 | Number 1 | July 2007 | Pages 106-118
Technical Paper | Accelerators | doi.org/10.13182/NT07-A3858
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The paper presents the design objectives and structure of China's accelerator-driven subcritical system subcritical assembly Venus-1. The core of Venus-1 is a coupled core with a fast neutron zone and a thermal neutron zone. The fast neutron zone is at the center of the core and is formed by natural uranium fuel. A fast neutron spectrum field can be produced in the fast neutron zone and used for transmutation. The thermal neutron zone surrounds the fast neutron zone and is formed by low-enriched uranium fuel; it is a fission zone. Venus-1 is driven by an Am-Be or other steady neutron source (252Cf, D-D reaction or D-T reaction) to research the effect of an external neutron source with different energies on it or is driven by a D-T pulsed neutron source through the China Institute of Atomic Energy pulsed neutron generator to research the dynamic characteristic. On July 18, 2005, the first fuel element was loaded into the Venus-1 subcritical assembly, and some preliminary experiments on subcritical and neutron distribution have been performed. The final load has been determined by preliminary experiments on Venus-1. The relative neutron importance of the external source, the relative distribution of the thermal neutron flux in the fast neutron zone, and the variation of the neutron count with the addition of natural uranium fuel also have been determined by preliminary experiments on Venus-1.