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The busyness of the nuclear fuel supply chain
Ken Petersenpresident@ans.org
With all that is happening in the industry these days, the nuclear fuel supply chain is still a hot topic. The Russian assault in Ukraine continues to upend the “where” and “how” of attaining nuclear fuel—and it has also motivated U.S. legislators to act.
Two years into the Russian war with Ukraine, things are different. The Inflation Reduction Act was passed in 2022, authorizing $700 million in funding to support production of high-assay low-enriched uranium in the United States. Meanwhile, the Department of Energy this January issued a $500 million request for proposals to stimulate new HALEU production. The Emergency National Security Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2024 includes $2.7 billion in funding for new uranium enrichment production. This funding was diverted from the Civil Nuclear Credits program and will only be released if there is a ban on importing Russian uranium into the United States—which could happen by the time this column is published, as legislation that bans Russian uranium has passed the House as of this writing and is headed for the Senate. Also being considered is legislation that would sanction Russian uranium. Alternatively, the Biden-Harris administration may choose to ban Russian uranium without legislation in order to obtain access to the $2.7 billion in funding.
Anurag Gupta, R. S. Modak
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 194 | Number 2 | February 2020 | Pages 87-103
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/00295639.2019.1668655
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Monte Carlo calculations for the evaluation of fundamental mode solution of k-eigenvalue problems generally make use of the Power Iteration (PI) method, which suffers from poor convergence, particularly in the case of large, loosely coupled systems. In the present paper, a method called Meyer’s Subspace Iteration (SSI) method, also called the Simultaneous vector iteration algorithm, is applied for the Monte Carlo solution of the k-eigenvalue problem. The SSI method is the block generalization of the single-vector PI method and has been found to work efficiently for solving the problem with the deterministic neutron transport setup. It is found that the convergence of the fundamental k-eigenvalue and corresponding fission source distribution improves substantially with the SSI-based Monte Carlo method as compared to the PI-based Monte Carlo method. To reduce the extra computational effort needed for simultaneous iterations with several vectors, a novel procedure is adopted in which it takes almost the same effort as with the single-vector PI-based Monte Carlo method. The algorithm is applied to several one-dimensional slab test cases of varying difficulty, and the results are compared with the standard PI method. It is observed that unlike the PI method, the SSI-based Monte Carlo method converges quickly and does not require many inactive generations before the mean and variance of eigenvalues could be estimated. It has been demonstrated that the SSI method can simultaneously find a set of the most dominant higher k-eigenmodes in addition to the fundamental mode solution.