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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Jack M. Hochman, Charles F. Bonilla
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 22 | Number 4 | August 1965 | Pages 434-442
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE65-A20629
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The electrical resistivity of high purity liquid cesium was determined in a pressurized furnace from 600 to 3000°F (316 to 1649°C) by measurements of the electrical resistance of a Ta-10%W alloy tube, both empty and filled with cesium. The resistivity found for the lower temperatures agrees moderately well with previously published results, the discrepancy decreasing at the highest temperatures. The thermal conductivity of liquid cesium was calculated from its resistivity using a Lorenz number of 2.3 × 10−8 (V/deg K)2. By comparing the cesium data with a reduced resistivity vs reduced temperature curve for mercury, the critical temperature of cesium is found to be 3190 °F (1754 °C), with a corresponding critical pressure of 130.8 atm from an available vapor-pressure correlation.