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Glass strategy: Hanford’s enhanced waste glass program
The mission of the Department of Energy’s Office of River Protection (ORP) is to complete the safe cleanup of waste resulting from decades of nuclear weapons development. One of the most technologically challenging responsibilities is the safe disposition of approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive waste historically stored in 177 tanks at the Hanford Site in Washington state.
ORP has a clear incentive to reduce the overall mission duration and cost. One pathway is to develop and deploy innovative technical solutions that can advance baseline flow sheets toward higher efficiency operations while reducing identified risks without compromising safety. Vitrification is the baseline process that will convert both high-level and low-level radioactive waste at Hanford into a stable glass waste form for long-term storage and disposal.
Although vitrification is a mature technology, there are key areas where technology can further reduce operational risks, advance baseline processes to maximize waste throughput, and provide the underpinning to enhance operational flexibility; all steps in reducing mission duration and cost.
Bin Zhang, Liang Zhang, Cong Liu, Yixue Chen
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 189 | Number 2 | February 2018 | Pages 120-134
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/00295639.2017.1394085
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Angular discretization errors inherent in the discrete ordinates method are a major problem, especially for localized source problems and problems with strongly absorbing media or large-volume void regions, where angular discretization errors would be totally unacceptable. This paper proposes a regional angular adaptive algorithm together with a goal-oriented error estimate to solve the SN equations. Standard angular adaptive refinement techniques are based on estimated local errors. We compare an interpolated angular flux value against a calculated value to generate local errors. The adaptive quadrature sets can be created by subdividing a spherical quadrilateral into four spherical subquadrilaterals that have positive weights and can be locally refined. Techniques for mapping angular fluxes from one quadrature set to another are developed to transfer angular fluxes on the interfaces of different spatial regions. To provide a better detector response, local errors are weighted by the importance of a given angular region toward the computational goal, providing an appropriate goal-oriented angular adaptivity. First collision source methods are employed to improve adjoint flux calculation accuracy. We tested the performance and accuracy of the proposed goal-oriented regional angular adaptive algorithm within the ARES code for a number of benchmark problems and present the results of a one-region test model and the Kobayashi benchmark problems. The reduction of angular number is at least one order of magnitude for adaptive refinement. The benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed goal-oriented adaptive refinement can achieve the same level of accuracy as the SN method, which has significantly higher computation cost. Thus, adaptive refinement is a viable approach for investigating difficult particle radiation transport problems.