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Glass strategy: Hanford’s enhanced waste glass program
The mission of the Department of Energy’s Office of River Protection (ORP) is to complete the safe cleanup of waste resulting from decades of nuclear weapons development. One of the most technologically challenging responsibilities is the safe disposition of approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive waste historically stored in 177 tanks at the Hanford Site in Washington state.
ORP has a clear incentive to reduce the overall mission duration and cost. One pathway is to develop and deploy innovative technical solutions that can advance baseline flow sheets toward higher efficiency operations while reducing identified risks without compromising safety. Vitrification is the baseline process that will convert both high-level and low-level radioactive waste at Hanford into a stable glass waste form for long-term storage and disposal.
Although vitrification is a mature technology, there are key areas where technology can further reduce operational risks, advance baseline processes to maximize waste throughput, and provide the underpinning to enhance operational flexibility; all steps in reducing mission duration and cost.
Yukiko Hanzawa, Daisuke Hiroishi, Chihiro Matsuura, Kenkichi Ishigure
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 124 | Number 2 | October 1996 | Pages 211-218
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE96-A28572
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The solubility of nickel ferrite is measured at 423, 473, and 523 K in a pure or oxygenated water system, which is similar to boiling water reactor conditions‚ using a specially designed batch autoclave system. Thermodynamic analysis is performed by a procedure minimizing Gibbs free energy of the system at the final state. On the basis of both the analysis and the experimental results, it is shown that the dissolution mechanism of NiFe2O4 under the condition where no redox reaction takes place consists of both NiFe2O4 dissolution and Fe2O3 precipitation equilibria. The calculated value of the solubility at 423 K using literature values of the thermodynamic data agree with the experimental value, but at 473 and 523 K they deviate somewhat from the experimental ones. By fitting to the experimental results at these temperatures, the thermodynamic data of NiFe2O4 for 473 and 523 K are reanalyzed, and new values are proposed.
