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The busyness of the nuclear fuel supply chain
Ken Petersenpresident@ans.org
With all that is happening in the industry these days, the nuclear fuel supply chain is still a hot topic. The Russian assault in Ukraine continues to upend the “where” and “how” of attaining nuclear fuel—and it has also motivated U.S. legislators to act.
Two years into the Russian war with Ukraine, things are different. The Inflation Reduction Act was passed in 2022, authorizing $700 million in funding to support production of high-assay low-enriched uranium in the United States. Meanwhile, the Department of Energy this January issued a $500 million request for proposals to stimulate new HALEU production. The Emergency National Security Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2024 includes $2.7 billion in funding for new uranium enrichment production. This funding was diverted from the Civil Nuclear Credits program and will only be released if there is a ban on importing Russian uranium into the United States—which could happen by the time this column is published, as legislation that bans Russian uranium has passed the House as of this writing and is headed for the Senate. Also being considered is legislation that would sanction Russian uranium. Alternatively, the Biden-Harris administration may choose to ban Russian uranium without legislation in order to obtain access to the $2.7 billion in funding.
Vamsi Krishna K, Gopi Krishna C, Nagendra Polamarasetty, Mahesh Kumar Talari, Vijay N. Nadakuduru, Kishore Babu Nagumothu
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 80 | Number 1 | January 2024 | Pages 82-97
Research Article | doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2023.2200523
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In the present study, the microstructural and mechanical properties of Ti-15V-3Cr-3Al-3Sn (Ti-1533) and Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-64) electron beam welds have been studied. Optical microscopy investigations revealed the presence of three different zones, namely, the fusion zone (FZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal (BM). In Ti-1533 weld, the BM comprises equiaxed β grains while the FZ consists of large columnar β grains. Further, the HAZ constitutes coarse equiaxed β grains near the FZ. However, in the case of Ti-64 weld, the BM comprises a slightly elongated α phase and transformed β phase while the FZ consists of an acicular martensitic phase. Welds prepared with Ti-1533 exhibit a lower ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 726 ± 5 MPa, yield strength (YS) of 702 ± 5 MPa, and % elongation (%El) of 12 compared to its BM (YS: 738 ± 5 MPa; UTS: 778 ± 5 MPa; %El: 15). The lower strength in Ti-1533 weld is due to the presence of coarse columnar β grains in the FZ while Ti-64 weld exhibits superior tensile properties (UTS: 993 ± 5 MPa; YS: 959 ± 4 MPa; %El: 9) compared to its BM (UTS: 910 ± 5 MPa; YS: 856 ± 5 MPa; %El: 14). The higher strength for Ti-64 weld could be attributed to the formation of acicular martensitic α′ in the FZ. However, Ti-64 welds subjected to postweld heat treatment (PWHT) showed a decrease in strength (UTS: 922 ± 4 MPa; YS: 858 ± 4; %El: 12) compared to as-welded Ti-64 welds. This is attributed to the formation of the diffusional product α+β phase in the FZ. In contrast, Ti-1533 welds subjected to PWHT showed a rapid increase in tensile property (UTS: 1224 ± 6MPa; YS: 1205 ± 8; %El: 9) values and hardness (380 HV) values compared to as-welded Ti-1533 welds. This increase in strength after PWHT is due to uniform precipitation of alpha particles in the β matrix, which was evidenced by transmission electron microscope results.