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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
N. W. Eidietis
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 77 | Number 7 | November 2021 | Pages 738-744
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2021.1889919
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Disruptions present a great challenge to achieving an economically viable commercial tokamak fusion reactor. Disruption handling, including prevention, mitigation, and resilient design, must be incorporated into future reactor designs at the same priority as core performance and steady-state heat flux removal. Prevention requires avoiding unstable regimes; actively stabilizing instabilities if they do appear; or, if those steps should fail, terminating the plasma-controlled rampdown. Mitigation is a last resort that utilizes massive impurity injection to reduce a damaging concentration of thermal and mechanical loads. Extremely robust disruption prevention will be of paramount importance to ensure high duty factor and capital return on the reactor investment, but the reactor environment poses significant technical challenges exceeding those in ITER. The long-term mission of a commercial reactor motivates investment in passive resilient design to survive disruptions in the absence of active intervention.