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Fusion Science and Technology
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Retrieval of nuclear waste canisters from a borehole
Borehole disposal of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and high-level waste (HLW) uses off-the-shelf directional drilling technology developed and commercialized by the oil and gas sectors. It is a technology that has been gaining traction in recent years in the nuclear industry. Disposal can be done in one or more boreholes (including an array) drilled into suitable sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic host rocks. Waste is encapsulated in specialized corrosion-resistant canisters, which are placed end to end in disposal sections of relatively small-diameter boreholes that have been cased and fluid-filled. After emplacement, the vertical access hole is plugged and backfilled as an engineered barrier.
G. R. Smolik, D. L. Hagrman, K. A. McCarthy, K. Coates, R. S. Wallace
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 30 | Number 3 | December 1996 | Pages 1429-1434
Safety and Environment | doi.org/10.13182/FST96-A11963149
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The mobilization of several elements from vanadium alloys in flowing air was measured for temperatures between 600 and 1200°C. Alloys with nominal compositions of V-5Cr-5Ti and minor amounts of calcium, scandium, and manganese added to simulate transmutation products were prepared by powder metallurgy. Mobilization of the three major alloying elements and the three minor additions was measured using a transpiration test method. Volatilization of sodium was modeled based upon equilibrium concentrations of this metal on the oxide scale resulting from the dissociation of Na2O, the concentrations of vanadium oxides (V2O4 and V2O5), and the oxygen content in the gas above the sample.