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Steam is a sign of cooling system function . . . at ITER
Steam from one of ITER’s ten induced-draft cooling cells offers visual confirmation of a successful cooling system test, the ITER organization announced April 30. ITER’s cooling system features 60 kilometers of piping with pumps, filters, and heat exchangers that can pull water through at up to 14 cubic meters per second. Once fully operational, two cooling loops—one to remove the heat generated by the plasma in the ITER tokamak and one for its supporting infrastructure—will be capable of extracting up to 1,200 MW of heat.
A. Erlandson, T. Alger, J. Horvath, K. Jancaitis, J. Lawson, K. Manes, C. Marshall, E. Moor, S. Payne, L. Pedrotti, S. Rodriguez, M. Rotter, S. Sutton, L. Zapata, S. Seznec, J. Beullier, O. Carbourdin, E. Grebot, J. Guenet, M. Guenet, G. LeTouze, X. Maille
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 34 | Number 3 | November 1998 | Pages 1105-1112
National Ignition Facility-Laser Facilities | doi.org/10.13182/FST98-A11963761
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
This paper describes the design and performance of flashlamp-pumped, Nd:glass. Brewster-angle slab amplifiers intended to be deployed in the National Ignition Facility (NIF). To verify performance, we tested a full-size, three-slab-long, NIF prototype amplifier, which we believe to be the largest flashlamp-pumped Nd:glass amplifier ever assembled. Like the NIF amplifier design, this prototype amplifier had eight 40-cm-square apertures combined in a four-aperture-high by two-aperture-wide matrix. Specially-shaped reflectors, anti-reflective coatings on the blastshields, and preionized flashlamps were used to increase storage efficiency. Cooling gas was flowed over the flashlamps to remove waste pump heat and to accelerate thermal wavefront recovery.
The protoytpe gain results are consistent with model predictions and provide high confidence in the final engineering design of the NIF amplifiers. Although the dimensions, internal positions, and shapes of the components in the NIF amplifiers will be slightly different from the prototype, these differences are small and should produce only slight differences in amplifier performance.