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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
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Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
I.R. Clarkson, T.E. Luzzi
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 8 | Number 1 | July 1985 | Pages 375-380
Electrical and Nuclear Component Design | Proceedings of the Sixth Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy (San Francisco, California, March 3-7, 1985) | doi.org/10.13182/FST85-A40073
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Charged particles escaping from the central cell are trapped on collectors in the end cell of a tandem mirror machine. Part of the energy is removed directly as electrical energy - direct conversion; the remainder is converted into heat on the collector plates and is removed by the collector coolant. To keep cost to a minimum, materials were used that are easy to fabricate and require that coolant temperatures be kept low; therefore, no useful heat was made available from the direct converter. Included are the results of studies of plasma shaping for the direct converter, and the effects of sputtering.