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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
B. J. Schumacher, W. R. Call
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 8 | Number 1 | July 1985 | Pages 1284-1288
Impurity Control and Vacuum Technology | Proceedings of the Sixth Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy (San Francisco, California, March 3-7, 1985) | doi.org/10.13182/FST85-A39945
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Mixtures of hydrogen isotopes, primarily deuterium (D2), protium-deuterium (HD), and protium (H2) must be pumped by the vacuum system in the Mirror Fusion Test Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. In this study, we used argon as an adsorbent for cryopumping these isotopes at 4.2 K and found that deuterium will displace already adsorbed protium. Thus, when we pump mixtures of the two, sufficient argon must be supplied to adsorb both species. We also found that without argon, deuterium will cryotrap protium in accord with Raoult's law.
