ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Jul 2025
Jan 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
September 2025
Nuclear Technology
August 2025
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Sandra J. Breretona, John E. Massidda, Mujid S. Kazimi
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 15 | Number 2 | March 1989 | Pages 996-1002
Safety And Environment — II | doi.org/10.13182/FST89-A39823
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Potential safety advantages are achievable through the use of advanced fuel cycles, which eliminate the need to breed and fuel tritium, and produce fewer neutrons. In this work, the operational radiological hazards associated with the deuterium-tritium (DT), deuterium-deuterium (DD) and deuterium-helium-3 (DHe) fusion fuel cycles have been compared. The advanced fuels have a clear advantage over the DT fuel cycle in terms of tritium hazard. In terms of activation and waste disposal hazards, the operational safety advantages of the advanced fuels are less clear, and appear to be strongly material dependent.a On assignment from the Canadian Fusion Fuels Technology Project (CFFTP).