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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Strontium: Supply-and-demand success for the DOE’s Isotope Program
The Department of Energy’s Isotope Program (DOE IP) announced last week that it would end its “active standby” capability for strontium-82 production about two decades after beginning production of the isotope for cardiac diagnostic imaging. The DOE IP is celebrating commercialization of the Sr-82 supply chain as “a success story for both industry and the DOE IP.” Now that the Sr-82 market is commercially viable, the DOE IP and its National Isotope Development Center can “reassign those dedicated radioisotope production capacities to other mission needs”—including Sr-89.
N. D. Viza, M. H. Romanofsky, M. J. Moynihan, D. R. Harding
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 70 | Number 2 | August-September 2016 | Pages 219-225
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST15-216
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A T-junction microfluidic device consists of one microchannel connected to a second microchannel at 90 deg. The size of the emulsions that form at the junction depends on the dimensions of the channel and the properties of the immiscible fluids flowing through them. Micron-sized emulsions are easily formed in small channels where interfacial tension forces dominate, but it is more difficult to form larger emulsions that could be used to produce inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets. The concept and feasibility of using this method to mass-produce millimeter-sized ICF targets are presented.
The experimental data presented here will demonstrate the competing contribution of the fluids’ surface tension and fluid velocity to forming and controlling the volume of millimeter-sized oil-in-water emulsions. The oil-in-water emulsion is the first step in the process of making resorcinol-formaldehyde foam targets (1 to 4 mm in diameter). Adding a surfactant to the aqueous phase lowered the aqueous-solid surface energy, which allowed for greater flexibility in manufacturing T-junctions. Equally important, although it also lowered the interfacial surface tension, the emulsions remained encapsulated by adjusting the flow velocities. The effect of the surfactant on the completing shear, viscous, and surface energy forces involved in the microencapsulation mechanism is described. Oil-in-water emulsions, 1.32 to 8.32 mm in diameter, and water-in-oil emulsions, 1.10 to 3.2 mm diameter, were formed. A protocol is presented for tuning the droplet diameter to a desired value based on the capillary number and the relative fluid velocities ratio (which must be below 0.5). A linear regression showed the relationship between the fluid velocities and desired droplet diameter. Control of the outer diameter was demonstrated over a 1.75- to 4.14-mm-diameter range with a 426- to 900-μm wall thickness.