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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
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The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
Masaru Takagi, Robert Cook, Richard Stephens, Jane Gibson, Sally Paguio
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 38 | Number 1 | July 2000 | Pages 54-57
Technical Paper | Thirteenth Target Fabrication Specialists’ Meeting | doi.org/10.13182/FST00-A36116
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Poly(α-methylstyrene) (PαMS) mandrel precursors (a PαMS containing fluorobenzene solution surrounding a water core) are suspended in a salt-containing water solution during curing. The salt is necessary to suppress the growth of water drops in the curing oil phase (resulting in vacuoles in the dried mandrel). However the use of salts in this manner results in a chemical potential difference between the inner pure water droplets and the outer bath. This results in a loss of water from the inner water phase, shrinking the mandrel as it cures and potentially wrinkling its surface. We have quantified the degree of mandrel shrinkage and expansion as a function of the difference in salt concentration. Expansion is not proportional to concentration difference. It does not appear that osmotically driven expansion removes wrinkles; the large wrinkle amplitudes were seen with all salt concentrations.