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Commercial nuclear innovation "new space" age
In early 2006, a start-up company launched a small rocket from a tiny island in the Pacific. It exploded, showering the island with debris. A year later, a second launch attempt sent a rocket to space but failed to make orbit, burning up in the atmosphere. Another year brought a third attempt—and a third failure. The following month, in September 2008, the company used the last of its funds to launch a fourth rocket. It reached orbit, making history as the first privately funded liquid-fueled rocket to do so.
P. N. Maya
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 65 | Number 2 | March-April 2014 | Pages 325-331
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST13-664
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Molecular dynamics simulations of energetic bombardment of amorphous hydrocarbon (a-C:H) materials by Ar ions up to 200 eV in energy have been performed. In addition to erosion of carbon and hydrogen atoms, the Ar bombardment causes damage and subsequent structural changes in the sample. We present a model based on potential energy analysis to characterize the damage and structural changes. The model identifies both the newly created damage due to bombardment and the local restructuring and subsequent annihilation of already existing damage. The analysis shows that although a large number of carbon atoms are displaced during the collision cascade, most of them do not contribute to the local structural change. Most of the damage creation and restructuring of the local neighborhood happens within the ion range, and, at high energy (200 eV), the restructuring continues beyond the ion range.