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The busyness of the nuclear fuel supply chain
Ken Petersenpresident@ans.org
With all that is happening in the industry these days, the nuclear fuel supply chain is still a hot topic. The Russian assault in Ukraine continues to upend the “where” and “how” of attaining nuclear fuel—and it has also motivated U.S. legislators to act.
Two years into the Russian war with Ukraine, things are different. The Inflation Reduction Act was passed in 2022, authorizing $700 million in funding to support production of high-assay low-enriched uranium in the United States. Meanwhile, the Department of Energy this January issued a $500 million request for proposals to stimulate new HALEU production. The Emergency National Security Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2024 includes $2.7 billion in funding for new uranium enrichment production. This funding was diverted from the Civil Nuclear Credits program and will only be released if there is a ban on importing Russian uranium into the United States—which could happen by the time this column is published, as legislation that bans Russian uranium has passed the House as of this writing and is headed for the Senate. Also being considered is legislation that would sanction Russian uranium. Alternatively, the Biden-Harris administration may choose to ban Russian uranium without legislation in order to obtain access to the $2.7 billion in funding.
Diethelm Schroeder-Richter, Sabiha Yildiz
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 29 | Number 4 | July 1996 | Pages 512-518
Technical Paper | Blanket Engineering | doi.org/10.13182/FST96-A30694
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The critical heat flux (CHF) is studied experimentally in vertical tubes heated directly using power current (direct current 2500 A, 15 V) and cooled with water at a low mass flow rate (0 to 0 2 Mg/m2·s) and at low pressure (0.1 to 0.8 MPa). A smooth tube and a tube with a porous coating layer sintered onto the inner surface were used. The tube and the porous coating layer are both made from INCONEL-600. The results (so far at moderate heat fluxes) are compared with each other and with correlations by Katto and by Weber. Enhancement of heat transfer was determined as well as a negative effect of the porous coating below the expected value of CHF. It seems that a disadvantage of the coated tube corresponds to the apparently annular flow regime alone; whereas, the CHFs can be enhanced by the porous layer as long as the bubbly flow pattern is maintained up to the location of maximum heat flux. Obviously, the latter situation is established during high-heat-flux conditions, i.e., at high subcooling and high flow rate, which are the classical design characteristics of high-heat-flux components infusion reactors.