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The busyness of the nuclear fuel supply chain
Ken Petersenpresident@ans.org
With all that is happening in the industry these days, the nuclear fuel supply chain is still a hot topic. The Russian assault in Ukraine continues to upend the “where” and “how” of attaining nuclear fuel—and it has also motivated U.S. legislators to act.
Two years into the Russian war with Ukraine, things are different. The Inflation Reduction Act was passed in 2022, authorizing $700 million in funding to support production of high-assay low-enriched uranium in the United States. Meanwhile, the Department of Energy this January issued a $500 million request for proposals to stimulate new HALEU production. The Emergency National Security Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2024 includes $2.7 billion in funding for new uranium enrichment production. This funding was diverted from the Civil Nuclear Credits program and will only be released if there is a ban on importing Russian uranium into the United States—which could happen by the time this column is published, as legislation that bans Russian uranium has passed the House as of this writing and is headed for the Senate. Also being considered is legislation that would sanction Russian uranium. Alternatively, the Biden-Harris administration may choose to ban Russian uranium without legislation in order to obtain access to the $2.7 billion in funding.
Tore Supra Team
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 29 | Number 4 | July 1996 | Pages 417-448
Technical Paper | First-Wall Technology | doi.org/10.13182/FST96-A30688
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In view of high-power, long-pulse steady-state operation, Tore Supra has incorporated in its design the active control of heat and particles in a realistic environment. In the early experimental phase of Tore Supra, the first generation of plasma-facing components was tested, and these tests provided much physics and technological information and illuminated various operational difficulties. In particular, these experiments revealed the weakness of the graphite-to-metal brazing process originally adopted for actively cooled high-heat-flux components. Consequently, a new inner-wall technology was developed in 1994 and is to be tested in 1995–1996 with a totally rebuilt 40-deg toroidal sector. A carbon-fiber—reinforced carbon-metal compound is based on the newest brazing technology and rigorous quality control. Components such as the toroidal pump limiter and the guard limiters of plasma-heating antennas are being developed in the same way. For structures where brazing is difficult, boron carbide-coated components have been developed and installed in Tore Supra. For lower heat fluxes, a bolted concept has been designed and tested. The influence of inner-first-wall misalignment in Tore Supra on the power exhaust limitation of brazed components has been studied. Results from the technological development for the different power exhaust systems and the associated experimental knowledge obtained during plasma operation in Tore Supra are presented.