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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Osamu Mitarai, Sean W. Wolfe, A. Hirose, Harvey M. Skarsgard
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 15 | Number 2 | March 1989 | Pages 204-213
Technical Paper | Fusion Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/FST89-A25357
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Alternating current (ac) tokamak operation in the reactor parameter range is studied by considering the volt-second consumption, A simple condition for obtaining ac operation with nearly constant pulse length is given by Lp/Rp < Td, ss (Lp is the plasma inductance, Rp is the plasma resistance, and Td, ss is the discharge length in the standard operation), assuming time-independent plasma parameters. The discharge length for ac operation is shorter than for standard operation and is given by where is the total transformer flux and is the plasma inductive flux. Alternating current operation is found to be advantageous in a large reactor having a large ohmic transformer flux satisfying . The superconducting magnetic energy storage system is proposed as an attractive power supply for ac operation in a large reactor.