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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
Erfan Ibrahim
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 15 | Number 2 | March 1989 | Pages 154-165
Technical Paper | Plama Engineering | doi.org/10.13182/FST89-A25353
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A two-fluid theoretical model of heat transport in tokamaks is developed based on microinstabilities. A τE scaling of the form has been determined from this transport model. The theoretical τE scaling is used to determine the smallest size tokamak fusion reactor for two cases, ignition and Q = 5 steady state. Parameters are in good agreement with Tokamak Ignition/Burn Experimental Reactor II designs based on empirical Kaye-Goldston τE scaling.
