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The busyness of the nuclear fuel supply chain
Ken Petersenpresident@ans.org
With all that is happening in the industry these days, the nuclear fuel supply chain is still a hot topic. The Russian assault in Ukraine continues to upend the “where” and “how” of attaining nuclear fuel—and it has also motivated U.S. legislators to act.
Two years into the Russian war with Ukraine, things are different. The Inflation Reduction Act was passed in 2022, authorizing $700 million in funding to support production of high-assay low-enriched uranium in the United States. Meanwhile, the Department of Energy this January issued a $500 million request for proposals to stimulate new HALEU production. The Emergency National Security Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2024 includes $2.7 billion in funding for new uranium enrichment production. This funding was diverted from the Civil Nuclear Credits program and will only be released if there is a ban on importing Russian uranium into the United States—which could happen by the time this column is published, as legislation that bans Russian uranium has passed the House as of this writing and is headed for the Senate. Also being considered is legislation that would sanction Russian uranium. Alternatively, the Biden-Harris administration may choose to ban Russian uranium without legislation in order to obtain access to the $2.7 billion in funding.
Keiji Miyazaki, Shoji Inoue, Nobuo Yamaoka, Tomomitsu Horiba, Kazushige Yokomizo
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 10 | Number 3 | November 1986 | Pages 830-836
Liquid-Metal Blankets and Magnetohydrodynamic Effects | Proceedings of the Seveth Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy (Reno, Nevada, June 15–19, 1986) | doi.org/10.13182/FST10-830
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The MHD pressure drop was measured by providing a lithium circulation loop of 40 lit/min and 0.3MPa head with a square test section of 2a=15.7mm × 2b=15.7mm or a rectangular one of 2a=26.8mm × 2b=ll.lmm inner cross-section made of tw=2.1mm thick 304-SS walls. The experiment covered ranges of B=0.2–1.5T (Ha=200–2100), U=0.2–4.0m/sec (Re=500–38000), and TLi=309–380°C. Theoretical prediction was made on an assumption of a uniform electric current density, neglecting the friction with walls. The MHD pressure gradient -dP/dz is given by -dP/dz = KpσfUB2 where Kp= C/(l+a/3b+C) and C=σwtw/σfa. The theory agreed well with the experimental data for both the square and rectangular test sections. Under the ununiform magnetic field of the exit, the pressure drop data agreed with an approximated prediction of Δ P= ∫KpσfUB2(z)dz.