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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
W.T. Shmayda, F. Waelbroeck, J. Winter, P. Wienhold, T. Banno, N.P. Kherani
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 8 | Number 2 | September 1985 | Pages 2285-2289
Research and Development | Proceedings of the Second National Topical Meeting on Tritium Technology in Fission, Fusion and Isotopic Applications (Dayton, Ohio, April 30 to May 2, 1985) | doi.org/10.13182/FST85-A24621
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Institut fur Plasmaphysik, Kernforschungsanlage Julich GmbH, Association EURATOM-KFA, Julich, West Germany The variation in the steady state hydrogen permeation flux magnitude through composite metals under both molecular and atomic hydrogen upstream driving conditions is discussed. With molecular hydrogen upstream, the permeant flux magnitude does not depend on the permeant direction through the composite. Under atomic hydrogen bombardment conditions on the upstream side, however, this magnitude does depend on the permeant direction. In a two layer system, the permeant flux magnitude is enhanced by orienting the composite metal such that the layer with the higher product of solubility (S) with surface recombination rate constant (kr) faces downstream. Furthermore, the degree of asymmetry in the hydrogen flow (forward permeation/reverse permeation) increases with decreasing upstream pressure. First measurements on a copper-clad mild steel membrane are presented and confirm the expected permeation performance.