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Commercial nuclear innovation "new space" age
In early 2006, a start-up company launched a small rocket from a tiny island in the Pacific. It exploded, showering the island with debris. A year later, a second launch attempt sent a rocket to space but failed to make orbit, burning up in the atmosphere. Another year brought a third attempt—and a third failure. The following month, in September 2008, the company used the last of its funds to launch a fourth rocket. It reached orbit, making history as the first privately funded liquid-fueled rocket to do so.
K. Isobe et al.
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 48 | Number 1 | July-August 2005 | Pages 302-305
Technical Paper | Tritium Science and Technology - Tritium Handling Facilities | doi.org/10.13182/FST05-A932
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The behavior of tritium release from the vacuum vessel of JT-60U during air exposure phase at controlled water vapor concentration and gas purging in the wall conditioning phase has been investigated. For the air exposure with varying water vapor concentrations of 40ppm, 300ppm, 680ppm and 3400ppm, tritium concentration in the vacuum vessel of JT-60U was measured. At each water vapor concentration, tritium concentration initially increased with time and then became steady finally. The steady tritium concentration increased with water vapor concentration. The total amount of tritium released from the vacuum vessel was 13MBq for 3400ppm. This amount is almost the same as that removed by 5 hours' H2-GDC, which has been the most effective method for tritium removal from JT-60U. This suggests that tritium in the vacuum vessel of JT-60U can be easily removed by water vapor. Tritium released into exhaust gas during gas purging was also measured for varying gases (H2, He and Ar), at different pressures and temperatures of the vacuum vessel. Tritium concentration of the exhaust gas was about 0.1Bq/cm3 at room temperature and was independent of gas species within the pressure from 0.05 to 0.3 Pa. This result indicates that isotope exchange of tritium with hydrogen molecules was not so active under these purge conditions.