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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
H. Muro et al.
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 55 | Number 2 | February 2009 | Pages 172-175
Technical Paper | Seventh International Conference on Open Magnetic Systems for Plasma Confinement | doi.org/10.13182/FST09-A7007
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The effect of the plasma flow on stability and transport has attracted much interest on fusion plasma research. In the GAMMA 10 tandem mirror, plasmas are mainly produced and heated with Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequency (ICRF) waves. High temperature plasmas are confined in the central cell. Two Mach probes, which have four tips facing direction of every 90 degrees, are installed on east and west sides of the central cell. It is found that the plasma flows from west to east directions with the pitch angle of around 60 degrees. The averaged Mach number of near 0.3 is detected on both sides of the central cell. The driven mechanism of the plasma flow is now under investigation.