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Why should safeguards by design be a global effort?
Jeremy Whitlock
I can’t think of a more exciting time to be working in nuclear, with the diversity of advanced reactor development and increasing global support for nuclear in sustainable energy planning. But we can’t lose sight of the need to plan for efficient international safeguards at the same time.
Global nuclear deployment has been underpinned since 1970 by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), making it a key customer requirement for governments to demonstrate unequivocally that the technology is not being misused for weapons development.
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has helped verify this commitment for more than 50 years, but it has never safeguarded many of the advanced reactors (and related fuel cycle processes) being developed today.
S. V. Polosatkin et al.
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 47 | Number 1 | January 2005 | Pages 179-182
Technical Paper | Open Magnetic Systems for Plasma Confinement | doi.org/10.13182/FST05-A634
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Thomson scattering system for measurements of radial profile of plasma density (range 0.5-5×1021 m-3) with temperature up to 2 keV was developed at the GOL-3 facility. First harmonics (=1.06 m) of Nd glass laser is used. Scattered light from different points of plasma cross-section is imaged to a set of quartz optical fibers and detected by avalanche photodiodes.During the first 10 s after start of the relativistic electron beam injection the intense light emission from plasma is observed. Single powerful laser pulse is used for providing of good signal-noise ratio in this period. Later the plasma radiation intensity decreases and the less powerful laser oscillator operated in multiple-pulsed regime is used.Description of the diagnostics, methodical aspects of operation, and results of the density dynamics measurements are presented in the paper.