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NRC looks to leverage previous approvals for large LWRs
During this time of resurging interest in nuclear power, many conversations have centered on one fundamental problem: Electricity is needed now, but nuclear projects (in recent decades) have taken many years to get permitted and built.
In the past few years, a bevy of new strategies have been pursued to fix this problem. Workforce programs that seek to laterally transition skilled people from other industries, plans to reuse the transmission infrastructure at shuttered coal sites, efforts to restart plants like Palisades or Duane Arnold, new reactor designs that build on the legacy of research done in the early days of atomic power—all of these plans share a common throughline: leveraging work already done instead of starting over from square one to get new plants designed and built.
Wolfgang Hohenauer, Harald Bolt, Jochen Linke, Werner K. W. M. Malléner
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 34 | Number 1 | August 1998 | Pages 18-27
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST98-A50
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
To investigate the erosion and redeposition phenomena of fusion-related materials under stationary conditions, actively cooled test limiters were developed for the Tokamak Experiment for Technology Oriented Research (TEXTOR). The test limiters allow experiments under stationary conditions within a plasma pulse length of 10 s. Heat loads of typically 10 MW/m2 are removed by pressurized water; the volume flow is 10 m3/h, the pressure is 15 bar, and the minimum coefficient of heat transfer is nearly 70 000 W/m2K. The limiters were manufactured as low-pressure plasma-spraying thermally sprayed tungsten-coated heat sinks made of the molybdenum alloy TZM. The required properties of the tungsten coating were developed by the use of a statistically based optimization routine. Optimized, actively cooled limiters were successfully tested in Forschungszentrum Jülich's Material Research Ion Beam Test Facility (MARION) with hydrogen beams. Maximum heat loads of up to ~17 MW/m2 were applied without any failure of either the heat sink or the cooling system. The steady state of the surface temperature was measured within 2 s. Analytical and numerical models describing the effects of heat load distribution and spatial temperatures were found to be in excellent agreement with numerical predictions. In an additional experiment, loss of coolant was simulated. Transition boiling was generated, and after repeated heat loads higher than 10 MW/m2, cavitational damage of the heat sink occurred. Concerning the material selection for heat sinks of hypervapotrons and other cooling systems based on enhanced boiling of the cooling liquid, this result might be of special interest.
