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Fusion Science and Technology
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Glass strategy: Hanford’s enhanced waste glass program
The mission of the Department of Energy’s Office of River Protection (ORP) is to complete the safe cleanup of waste resulting from decades of nuclear weapons development. One of the most technologically challenging responsibilities is the safe disposition of approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive waste historically stored in 177 tanks at the Hanford Site in Washington state.
ORP has a clear incentive to reduce the overall mission duration and cost. One pathway is to develop and deploy innovative technical solutions that can advance baseline flow sheets toward higher efficiency operations while reducing identified risks without compromising safety. Vitrification is the baseline process that will convert both high-level and low-level radioactive waste at Hanford into a stable glass waste form for long-term storage and disposal.
Although vitrification is a mature technology, there are key areas where technology can further reduce operational risks, advance baseline processes to maximize waste throughput, and provide the underpinning to enhance operational flexibility; all steps in reducing mission duration and cost.
J.Y. Kim, S.G. Lee, S.S. Kim, W.H. Ko, J.G. Park, B.H. Park, Hogun Jhang H.G. Na, N.S. Yoon, M. Kwon, HANBIT team
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 43 | Number 1 | January 2003 | Pages 157-161
Transport and Confinement | doi.org/10.13182/FST03-A11963584
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A brief overview is presented on initial study results of plasma transport and confinement in HANBIT mirror device. The parallel confinement is calculated using a generalized Pastukhov's formula, and compared with some experimental estimates. It is shown that the confinement time is less than 1 ms in typical HANBIT discharges. Analysis and simulation study are also presented on HANBIT discharges, particularly, ting to clarify the plasma density jump phenomena, which was observed in HANBIT when the RF frequency ω becomes smaller than the ion cyclotron frequency ωci. It is shown that the jump in plasma density (and beta, as shown from recent measurements) might be explained mainly as due to the increase in the parallel confinement time by the onset of ICRH ion heating at ω < ωci. The long-pulse operation with high-density plasma, even with a small initial fueling, can be also explained as due to the strong wall-recycling by fast neutrals generated from the ICRH heated hot ion at ω< ωci.
