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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Glass strategy: Hanford’s enhanced waste glass program
The mission of the Department of Energy’s Office of River Protection (ORP) is to complete the safe cleanup of waste resulting from decades of nuclear weapons development. One of the most technologically challenging responsibilities is the safe disposition of approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive waste historically stored in 177 tanks at the Hanford Site in Washington state.
ORP has a clear incentive to reduce the overall mission duration and cost. One pathway is to develop and deploy innovative technical solutions that can advance baseline flow sheets toward higher efficiency operations while reducing identified risks without compromising safety. Vitrification is the baseline process that will convert both high-level and low-level radioactive waste at Hanford into a stable glass waste form for long-term storage and disposal.
Although vitrification is a mature technology, there are key areas where technology can further reduce operational risks, advance baseline processes to maximize waste throughput, and provide the underpinning to enhance operational flexibility; all steps in reducing mission duration and cost.
Rudolf Neu, Arne Kallenbach, Karl Krieger, Volker Rohde, Joachim Roth
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 44 | Number 3 | November 2003 | Pages 692-707
Technical Paper | ASDEX Upgrade | doi.org/10.13182/FST03-A408
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Experiments dealing with plasma-wall interactions and first-wall materials comprise a significant part of the work program of ASDEX Upgrade. To elucidate carbon chemical erosion under reactor-relevant conditions, dedicated spectroscopic measurements were performed. These investigations are complemented with long-term erosion and deposition probes consisting of various materials, which are mounted at numerous locations inside the vacuum vessel. The codeposition of hydrogen with carbon below the divertor is studied in detail with long-term samples as well as with quartz microbalance measurements, which allow a discharge-resolved measurement of the layer growth. In parallel to the investigations on carbon, the behavior of tungsten plasma facing components (PFCs) and their influence on plasma performance is studied. In several experimental campaigns, the divertor as well as large parts of the PFCs in the main chamber were equipped with tungsten-coated tiles. Surface conditioning by applying a silicon layer (siliconization) was performed as a preexperiment of the tungsten program, and the results are compared to those of surface conditioning with boron (boronization).