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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
A. Collazos, V. S. Udintsev, R. Chavan, F. Felici, F. Dolizy, M. A. Henderson, H. Shidara
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 55 | Number 1 | January 2009 | Pages 84-93
Technical Paper | Electron Cyclotron Emission and Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating | doi.org/10.13182/FST09-A4056
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The aim of the ITER electron cyclotron heating and current drive upper launcher (UL) is to control magnetohydrodynamic activity in the plasma, in particular neoclassical tearing modes, requiring a narrow and peaked deposition of the radio-frequency (rf) power.The millimeter-wave (mm-wave) system of the UL is optimized to ensure that the eight rf beams are all focused to a small beam width at the resonance location. The present design uses two mitre bends per beam and a focusing mirror for each set of four beams, orientating each set onto a single steering mirror (SM) to inject it into the plasma. The SM is rotated using a frictionless and backlash free pneumo-mechanical system. A first prototype of the SM has been constructed to demonstrate the manufacturability and the actuation principle and to develop an adequate control strategy.A test program has been developed to ensure the integrity of the launcher from the pre-build-to-print design phase (research and development) up to the tests after maintenance.This paper presents a general overview of the system, a description of the progress in the mm-wave optical layout, low-power tests, alignment specifications of the mm-wave components, and SM capabilities to meet the ITER requirements.