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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Zap Energy hits 37-million-degree electron temperatures in compact fusion device
Zap Energy announced April 23 that it has reached 1-3 keV plasma electron temperatures—roughly the equivalent of 11 to 37 million degrees Celsius—using its sheared-flow-stabilized Z-pinch approach to fusion. Reaching temperatures above that of the sun’s core (which is 10 million degrees Celsius temperature) is just one hurdle required before any fusion confinement concept can realistically pursue net gain and fusion energy.
L. Green, M.D. Carelli, F. Stefani, G. Dave Morgan, V. Dennis Lee, R. Mattas
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 26 | Number 3 | November 1994 | Pages 300-315
International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) | Proceedings of the Eleventh Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy New Orleans, Louisiana June 19-23, 1994 | doi.org/10.13182/FST94-A40178
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Changes in ITER requirements and conditions in the Engineering Design Activity (EDA), and the desire to obtain greater operating flexibility, led to a reconsideration of the ITER Conceptual Design Activity (CDA) blanket designs. The current strategy is to follow a two-tiered development approach: The reference design blanket is non-breeding, and satisfies only the basic performance phase (BPP) functional requirements. This blanket would need to be changed out for the extended performance phase (EPP). A lower level development effort is also underway on an tritium-breeding blanket. The decision as to which of the two designs to adopt will be made at the end of a two-year development effort. This paper describes the present candidate blankets and the issues associated with each of them. The reference design is a non-breeding, low temperature, low pressure, water cooled, austenitic stainless steel (316SS) blanket/shield (BS). The first wall (FW), which may be integral with or separate from the BS, is a bonded copper-alloy/SS structure with a beryllium coating. Critical issues here are copper-SS bonding, fabricability, and radiation damage and stress corrosion cracking of the SS. The breeding blanket utilizes vanadium alloy structural material, with lithium as the breeder. The coolants are either lithium (self-cooled) or high pressure helium. The primary issues here are the need to electrically insulate the flow channels, the qualification of vanadium as a structural material, and the fabrication of large vanadium structures.