ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2025 ANS Winter Conference & Expo
November 9–12, 2025
Washington, DC|Washington Hilton
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Oct 2025
Jul 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
November 2025
Nuclear Technology
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
House, Senate bills aim to improve nuclear decommissioning and waste disposal
Two bills were introduced in the last several weeks aiming to address nuclear power at the end of life—decommissioning plants and recycling used fuel.
D.S. Barnett, M.S. Kazimi
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 15 | Number 2 | March 1989 | Pages 839-846
Safety and Environment — I | doi.org/10.13182/FST89-A39799
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The LITFIRE code was modified and used to model lithium chemical reactions with steam-air mixtures in situations representative of accidental spills in fusion reactors. New water pool nodes were added to the primary and secondary cells representing the reactor and its building. An iterative energy balance routine was developed to determine the temperature of the cell gas; heat transfer to structures was modified to include the effect of water condensation and the cell gas emissivity calculation was changed to account for the presence of polar water vapor molecules. Calculations were performed describing a spill on the building floor as well as a spill within the plasma chamber. Humidity and steam injection were also represented. The results indicated that the primary effect of the steam was to raise the emissivity of the cell gas, and thus the gas temperature and pressure, while reducing somewhat the temperatures of both the lithium combustion zone above the pool and the lithium pool itself.