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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
K. P. Singh, A. Prajapati, S. S. Khirwadkar, M. S. Khan, S. Belsare, A. Patel, K. Bhope, P. Mokariya, N. Patel
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 65 | Number 2 | March-April 2014 | Pages 235-240
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST13-660
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The aim of the work is to develop the fabrication technology of a small curved tungsten (W) macro-brush–type geometry using a vacuum brazing technique. Taking the design concept of the ITER divertor dome, the present mock-up has scaled down more than ten times in size. A feasibility study of the curved brazing was done, and design and fabrication of the special fixture for the curved profile brazing were carried out. The vacuum brazing technique was used to develop the joining of tungsten tiles in the curved profile of a CuCrZr block (heat sink) using silver-free brazing alloy (NiCuMn-37) with a specially designed custom-made fixture (Type 304 stainless steel). Nondestructive testing, particularly the ultrasonic immersion technique, was incorporated to inspect the quality of the brazed joint in the mock-up. The hardness value (HV) measured on the copper alloy was found to degrade from 143 to 46 HV (before and after brazing). The results of the experimental activity and methodology adopted to fabricate the small-sized trial W mock-up are presented and discussed in the paper.