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Commercial nuclear innovation "new space" age
In early 2006, a start-up company launched a small rocket from a tiny island in the Pacific. It exploded, showering the island with debris. A year later, a second launch attempt sent a rocket to space but failed to make orbit, burning up in the atmosphere. Another year brought a third attempt—and a third failure. The following month, in September 2008, the company used the last of its funds to launch a fourth rocket. It reached orbit, making history as the first privately funded liquid-fueled rocket to do so.
G. Van Oost, V. P. Bhatnagar, T. Delvigne, P. Descamps, F. Durodié, R. Koch, A. M. Messiaen, D. I. C. Pearson, P. E. Vandenplas, A. Vanderstraeten, R. Van Nieuwenhove, G. Van Wassenhove, R. R. Weynants, W. Kohlhaas, C. Stickelmann, A. Cosler, B. Giesen, B. Goerg, S. Haltrich, P. Huettemann, M. Korten
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 12 | Number 3 | November 1987 | Pages 449-475
Technical Paper | Plasma Heating System | doi.org/10.13182/FST87-A25078
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A multimegajoule ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) experiment was installed on the Torus Experiment for Technology-Oriented Research (TEXTOR) tokamak. The system consists of two independent power lines each designed to generate and launch 1.5 MW of radio-frequency (rf) power into the machine during a 3-s period in the 25- to 29-MHz frequency range. Each power line consists of the following items: (a) a 1.5-MW transmitter, (b) a transmission line system, including a two-stub tuner, made of pressurized 155.6-mm (6.125-in.) and 228.6-mm (9-in.) rigid coaxial line components, and (c) an interface linking the transmission line to the antenna of the shielded stripline type placed along the tokamak's hot liner. Details of the line and antenna diagnostics and data acquisition system together with the subsequent impedance characteristic calculations are given. The rf radiation shielding for the ICRH experiment is explained. The control of the rf setup as a TEXTOR subsystem and the generator pulse control and operation modes are outlined. The antenna loading and power limitation in the presence of plasma and the conditioning procedure are discussed. Finally, the new rf system compatible with the toroidal pump limiter Advanced Limiter Test-II is presented.
