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Commercial nuclear innovation "new space" age
In early 2006, a start-up company launched a small rocket from a tiny island in the Pacific. It exploded, showering the island with debris. A year later, a second launch attempt sent a rocket to space but failed to make orbit, burning up in the atmosphere. Another year brought a third attempt—and a third failure. The following month, in September 2008, the company used the last of its funds to launch a fourth rocket. It reached orbit, making history as the first privately funded liquid-fueled rocket to do so.
A. Kaye, J. Jacquinot, P. Lallia, T. Wade
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 11 | Number 1 | January 1987 | Pages 203-234
Technical Paper | JET Project | doi.org/10.13182/FST11-203-234
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The Joint European Torus (JET) tokamak will ultimately have 15 MW of additional heating in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF). Three uncooled prototype antennas and associated 3-MW generators are already operational and have coupled up to 6 MW to the plasma for pulse lengths up to several seconds. Eight cooled antennas for long-pulse operation are to be installed in 1987, and manufacture of these systems is well advanced. The design and development of the major components of this ICRF system — the radio-frequency (rf) generators, the coaxial transmission lines, the tuning facilities, and the antennas — are detailed. A test bed for rf testing of the components and assemblies has been installed on JET and test results are also presented. Underlying analytical studies of the various operating scenarios (3He or hydrogen minority heating, second harmonic heating, etc.) of the influence of the k‖ spectrum, and of modeling of the antennas to predict coupling resistance and impedance are also summarized. Preliminary results from the initial operation of the prototype antennas are presented.