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September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Zhenggui Xiao, Bo Li, Li Li, Dequan Liu, Lianghua Yao, Jiafu Dong, Gancheng Guo, Zhongchao Deng, Yin Jia Zheng, Wenyu Hong, Longwen Yan, Yi Liu, Yong Liu, Enyao Wang
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 43 | Number 1 | January 2003 | Pages 45-54
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST03-A248
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The Eight-shot Pellet Injector (EPI) and Molecular Beam Injector (MBI) as new plasma fueling methods have been developed and installed on the HL-1M tokamak for fueling experiments. The main structures and characteristics of the fueling device and the typical fueling experimental results with EPI and the MBI are reported. In these experiments, typical responses of plasma in discharges with PI and MBI are the peaked density profile Qn = ne(0)/<(ne)> of >1.65 for MBI and of 2 for PI. The improvement of confinement time E is usually better than 10 to 30% of Gas Puffing (GP) discharge in the same operation condition. In addition, the penetration depth and deposition region of fueling particles, the variance of soft X-ray sawteeth, the rotation and flow of plasma in edge region as well as the photographing of ablation clouds with PI and MBI are compared and presented in this paper.
