ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Jul 2025
Jan 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
September 2025
Nuclear Technology
August 2025
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
S.Beloglazov, M.Nishikawa, T.Tanifuji
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 41 | Number 3 | May 2002 | Pages 1049-1053
Blanket Material and Process | Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology Tsukuba, Japan November 12-16, 2001 | doi.org/10.13182/FST02-A22744
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In this paper we propose a model to explain tritium release from irradiated Li2ZrO3 sample made by Mitsubishi Atomic Power Industries Inc. (MAPI). The release curves were obtained by temperature programmed desorption (TPD) techniques in a series of experiments in Kyoto University Reactor (KUR) and in the JRR-4 reactor of the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI). In the model a number of mass transfer steps were taken into account. There were diffusion of tritium in the grain, adsorption and desorption of water on the surface of grains, two types of isotope exchange reactions, water formation reaction in addition of hydrogen to the purge gas. Tritium release curves for different purge gas compositions (N2, N2 + H2O) were calculated to compare with data obtained in the experiments. Apparent diffusivities of tritium in crystal grain of Li2ZrO3 were determined.